In a significant campaign pledge for the upcoming February 8, 2026, House of Representatives election, Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) emphasized its commitment to legalizing the use of maiden names after marriage, steering clear of the controversial option for separate surnames for married couples.
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi has been vocally against a system that would allow married couples to retain different surnames. Referring to such a system as "dividing family names," Takaichi's stance highlights her broader narrative focusing on traditional family values. The LDP's position marks a shift from a previous, more ambiguous approach during the 2025 elections, where the party merely stated it would "work toward consensus" on the issue.
By opposing separate surnames, Takaichi aims to streamline the discussion around family names in marriage while introducing legislation to clarify the use of maiden names as "common names." She believes this approach can mitigate social inconveniences tied to the frequent name changes that follow marriage.
This topic has attracted scrutiny from various political parties; while the LDP and its coalition partner Nippon Ishin (Japan Innovation Party) oppose the introduction of separate surnames, other political entities, including the newly formed Centrist Reform Alliance, have included provisions to promote gender equality, advocating for both options.
Former Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, alongside other opposition leaders, has supported the notion of allowing separate surnames to cater to families wishing for a non-traditional approach. Within the newly formed Centrist Reform Alliance, party leaders argue that granting individuals the freedom to choose their surname fosters a more inclusive society.
As Japan grapples with gender-related issues, this debate reflects a significant cultural moment wherein traditional norms clash with modern values. The LDP's pledge is indicative of the party's efforts to solidify support among conservative voters ahead of a closely watched electoral contest.
The election will be a critical juncture as political parties vie for influence over this contentious issue while navigating broader economic policies that resonate with the electorate, particularly amid ongoing discussions about tax reforms and social welfare.